What do systematic reviews say?

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

• Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3-4 months
  SoF comment: insufficient evidence to determine whether SRP for glycaemic control is associated with any harms; most studies did not evaluate adverse effects. Where reported (e.g. D'Aiuto 2018) serious adverse events…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Combined interventions vs usual care

Combined interventions showed no clear difference in adverse effects: reinfarctions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.23, 1.43]
  3 studies · 265 participants
  Moderate

Physical conditioning interventions vs usual care

Physical conditioning interventions showed no clear difference in adverse effects: cardiac deaths compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.35, 2.8]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

Work‐directed counselling vs usual care

Work‐directed counselling showed no clear difference in adverse effects: cardiac deaths compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.19, 5.39]
  2 studies · 388 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs placebo + standard care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 10 days postoperative
  RD 0.034 [-0.32, 0.38]
  2 studies · 59 participants
  Low

Educational intervention with information and practical components (theoretical oral health education plus practical skills training) for nursing staff and/or residents vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the included studies assessed adverse effects of the intervention.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 114 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether exercise programmes changes adverse effects associated with exercises Exercise programme… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Exercise programmes for ankylosing spondylitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 6.25 [0.1, 320.4]
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported