Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

196 questions · 221 findings · 67 reviews

No studies found 33 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 86 · 38.9%Very low 53 · 24%Low 25 · 11.3%Moderate 19 · 8.6%High 5 · 2.3%

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Amir 1997b: two children in each group (2 vs 2) had mild gastrointestinal symptoms that resolved spontaneously after 24 to 48 hours without a change in study treatment. Ducoulombier 1988: no significant adverse effects…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse effects: obesity or Cushing's Syndrome · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: obesity or Cushing's Syndrome compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: Death ‐ long termOccurrences of death · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Death ‐ long termOccurrences of death compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Adverse effects (headgear injuries, gum health, tooth damage/decay, root resorption) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or less at the start of treatment) undergoing orthodontic treatment to distalise upper first…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

Adverse effects (headgear injuries, gum health, tooth damage/decay, root resorption) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or less at the start of treatment) undergoing orthodontic treatment to distalise upper first…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies)
1 finding from 1 review

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effectsParkinsonism (rigidity) short term (< 3 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (rigidity) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPHENAZINE (ORAL) vs placebo

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · patients with schizophrenia

ORAL FLUPHENAZINE probably leads to higher adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects (akathisia) ‐ short… compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
1 finding from 1 review