What do systematic reviews say?

Tetracycline suspension (250 mg, held in mouth 2 minutes then swallowed, four times daily for 5 days) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 days per outbreak
  Adverse event rates were comparable between groups.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Leukotriene receptor antagonist vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  The study reported equal drug-related adverse effects for those treated with montelukast and placebo.
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Combined interventions vs usual care

Combined interventions showed no clear difference in adverse effects: reinfarctions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.23, 1.43]
  3 studies · 265 participants
  Moderate

Dietary behavior change interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care

• Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Physical conditioning interventions vs usual care

Physical conditioning interventions showed no clear difference in adverse effects: cardiac deaths compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to support return to work for people with coronary heart disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.35, 2.8]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Moderate

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Video modelling acclimatisation for LA vs Oral hygiene video

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  In advance of LA
  Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Thermotherapy one session (at 50 ºC for 30 seconds) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg Sb5/kg/day

• Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 292 participants
  High

Pentoxifylline (oral 400 mg thrice daily) plus meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/ kg /day for 20 days) vs IMMA plus placebo

• Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [1.19, 2.19]
  4 studies · 473 participants
  Very low

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs Clofazimine (100 mg daily for 30 days, then 100 mg every other day)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Clofazimine was associated with an increase in cutaneous adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.015), easily controlled; there was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to…
  1 study · 46 participants
  GRADE not reported

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

• Non‐surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No serious adverse effects were reported across five studies that assessed harms (Katchooi 2018; Lombardo 2018; Pavlin 2015; Reiss 2020; Taha 2020).
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs placebo

• Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Targeted mass media intervention vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Mass media interventions for reducing mental health‐related stigma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 455 participants
  Low