What do systematic reviews say?

Mycophenolate mofetil vs levamisole

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil changes adverse effects: leukopenia compared with levamisole (very low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.88 [0.12, 69.65]
  1 study · 149 participants
  Very low

Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Levamisole showed no clear difference in adverse effects: leucopenia compared with steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.18 [0.72, 24.21]
  3 studies · 214 participants
  Low

Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide

Levamisole showed no clear difference in adverse effects: leucopenia compared with cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.04, 1.48]
  2 studies · 97 participants
  Low

Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin

It is very uncertain whether alkylating agents changes adverse effects: leucopenia compared with cyclosporin (very low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 29.84 [1.84, 483.93]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Prophylaxis with standard therapeutic factor concentrate vs pegylated liposome FVIII formulation

• Clotting factor concentrates for preventing bleeding and bleeding‐related complications in previously treated… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 143 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs levamisole

It is very uncertain whether mycophenolate mofetil changes adverse effects: peritonitis compared with levamisole (very low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.03, 3.01]
  1 study · 149 participants
  Very low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin

Mycophenolate mofetil showed no clear difference in adverse effects: lymphopenia compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.08, 4.85]
  2 studies · 84 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin

Mycophenolate mofetil showed no clear difference in adverse effects: reduced GFR compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Cyclophosphamide may leads to lower adverse effects: lymphopenia compared with chlorambucil (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Rituximab vs placebo or control

Rituximab showed no clear difference in adverse effects: arthropathy compared with placebo or control (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.92 [0.45, 33.98]
  2 studies · 84 participants
  Low

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in cellulose foam placed in extraction socket vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks to 12 months
  This comparison was only made in 1 study: mean pain scores at 2 weeks, 2, 6, 9, and 12 months showed no 'significant' differences between the 2 groups (self-reported Likert scale 1 to 10; difference at 2 weeks P =…
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Face‐to‐face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 90 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin

Mycophenolate mofetil showed no clear difference in adverse effects: hypertension compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.3 [0.09, 1.07]
  3 studies · 144 participants
  Low

Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin

It is very uncertain whether alkylating agents changes adverse effects: hypertension compared with cyclosporin (very low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.72]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

1450 ppm F toothpaste vs 440 ppm F toothpaste

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of toothpaste: no studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1450 ppm F toothpaste vs 250 ppm F toothpaste

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of toothpaste: no studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1055 to 1100 ppm F toothpaste vs 500 to 550 ppm F toothpaste

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  Adverse effects of toothpaste: not estimable. "There were no reports on adverse effects, but some children complained about the taste of the dentifrice" (Cardoso 2014); 195 participants (1 RCT); low-certainty.
  1 study · 195 participants
  Low

Fluoride toothpaste vs Placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste or fluoride toothpaste of a different concentration

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Closest to 36 months
  16 studies assessed possible side effects, principally oral (soft tissue) pathologies and tooth staining. 6 studies reported no untoward events; 6 reported greater staining in the stannous fluoride group; 1 reported no…
  16 studies
  GRADE not reported

1500 ppm F toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months
  Adverse effects of toothpaste: not estimable; 0 events reported (Fan 2008); 998 participants (1 RCT); low-certainty.
  1 study · 998 participants
  Low

1000 or 1100 ppm F toothpaste vs Non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of toothpaste: no studies reported this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found