What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.)

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported narratively in 1 study (Feldmann 2007): limitations in daily life and jaw function were low to moderate throughout the trial with no differences between anchorage groups; impact on mood and appearance peaked…
  1 study · 113 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Acceptability was not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage
  0 studies
  No studies found

5.3% HP strip vs 5% HP gel in tray

It is very uncertain whether 5.3% HP strip changes patient comfort / acceptability compared with 5% HP gel in tray (very low certainty).

• Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 1.27 [0.13, 2.41]
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Laser enamel preparation alone (Er,Cr:YSGG or CO2 laser) vs Acid-etching (phosphoric acid)

Both laser and acid-etching preparation were well accepted by patients (VAS, P = 1.000; ungraded, single study).

• The clinical effects of laser preparation of tooth surfaces for fissure sealants placement: a systematic review and… 2019 All outcomes

  Clinical (in vivo pit-and-fissure sealant placement)
  Kumar 2016 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser vs acid-etching): patient acceptance scored on a visual analogue scale; both preparations well accepted, P = 1.000; no significant difference.
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with fluoride mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

• One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.89 [0.78, 1.00]
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride varnish showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with fluoride toothpaste; GRADE not reported.

• One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.28 [0.37, 4.41]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Any other topical fluoride (gel or mouthrinse)

Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with any other topical fluoride (gel or mouthrinse); GRADE not reported.

• One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.88 [0.78, 1.00]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Fluoride varnish showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with fluoride mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

• One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.19 [0.86, 1.65]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to surgical periodontal therapy vs Surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 3 months (planned)
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy vs Non-surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 3 months (planned)
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Tongue scraper or tongue cleaner (One Drop Only tongue cleaner; Tongue-Putzer scraper; polystyrene scraper) vs Toothbrush (used to clean the tongue)

• Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week (Pedrazzi 2004)
  Pedrazzi 2004: six of ten (60%) participants complained of nausea and one participant of tongue trauma, only with the toothbrush; all participants were receptive to the tongue scraper. Seemann 2001: no adverse effects…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride mouthrinse alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
  3 studies · 1697 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride gel alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.00 [0.72, 1.40]
  1 study · 344 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride varnish alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.75 [0.22, 2.59]
  1 study · 196 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.71]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.93, 1.22]
  5 studies · 1998 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

• Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.03 [0.84, 1.26]
  3 studies · 1704 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (dropouts/exclusions during the trial) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  During trial
  RR 1.03 [0.89, 1.19]
  19 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  During trial · No-treatment-controlled trials
  RR 1.03 [0.73, 1.47]
  8 studies · 2628 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  During trial · Placebo-controlled trials
  RR 1.05 [0.91, 1.22]
  11 studies · 6067 participants
  GRADE not reported

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish;… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (dropouts/exclusions during the trial) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes

  During trial · No-treatment-controlled trials
  RR 1.20 [0.85, 1.70]
  10 studies
  GRADE not reported

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

• Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Amir 1997b: no data available. Ducoulombier 1988: tolerance and acceptability of the drug was described as satisfactory, but it was unclear how this was assessed by the trialists.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported