What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 66.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 1 · 33.3%

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.3]
7 studies · 1640 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm birth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.09]
11 studies · 20565 participants
High

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [1.01, 2.28]
5 studies · 942 participants
Low