What do systematic reviews say?

Oral vitamin B vs no treatment

• Interventions for leg cramps in pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin E vs Placebo (not a true placebo)

Vitamin E showed no clear difference in mucositis eradicated compared with placebo (not a true placebo); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 6.00 [0.89, 40.31]
  1 study · 18 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 240 participants
  Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1258 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in stunting Definition: L/HAZ < ‐2Time frame: 6 months compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]
  1 study · 1247 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.03 [0.28, 14.67]
  2 studies · 68 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.35, 1.9]
  2 studies · 367 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin E (topical) vs vitamin E

Vitamin E (topical) led to higher improvement in mucositis compared with vitamin E (swallowed); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 days
  RR 15.40 [4.01, 59.21]
  1 study · 63 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin E (topical) vs vitamin E

Vitamin E (topical) led to higher mucositis eradicated compared with vitamin E (swallowed); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 53.74 [3.41, 846.84]
  1 study · 63 participants
  GRADE not reported

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 8638 participants
  Moderate
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 8638 participants
  Moderate
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 8544 participants
  High

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 21870 participants
  High
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 21870 participants
  Moderate
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 21870 participants
  High

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1861 participants
  Low
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1861 participants
  Low
• Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta‐analysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1861 participants
  Low

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic… changes oral cancer development compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 months (treatment lasted 12 months)
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 2.05]
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A or retinoids (systemic or topical; incl. 13-cis-retinoic acid, acitretin) vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 to 12 months
  SoF 1, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 4 to 12 months: 'Studies could not be combined in meta-analysis. One study evaluated topical treatment and did not find evidence of benefit; 3 studies of systemic…
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [1, 1.35]
  6 studies · 554 participants
  Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.18]
  5 studies · 986 participants
  Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found