Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age
It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or… compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age
It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes clinical vitamin A deficiency (defined as night blindness) compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age
It is very uncertain whether staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age
Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients probably leads to lower subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L… compared with same unfortified staple foods (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) · general population over 2 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause morbidity · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Spina bifida · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes spina bifida compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.29 [0.16, 0.56]
8037 participants
Very low
Encephalocoele · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes encephalocoele compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.26 [0.13, 0.56]
8037 participants
Very low
Fatal anencephaly · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes fatal anencephaly compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.47 [0.21, 1.07]
8037 participants
Very low
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
657 participants
Very low
Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.11]
657 participants
Very low
Erythrocyte folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · health outcomes
Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review