Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

110 questions · 116 findings · 12 reviews

No studies found 42 · 36.2%GRADE not reported 16 · 13.8%Very low 18 · 15.5%Low 20 · 17.2%Moderate 18 · 15.5%High 2 · 1.7%

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (maternal 25(OH)D measured at gestational weeks 24 to 38) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries in children · Infants and children (aged about 2 to 8 years) whose mothers' vitamin D status was assessed during pregnancy

For prenatal vitamin D measured across gestational weeks 24-38, the OR of dental caries was 1.30 (no CI reported); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

Anaemia · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico

It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico

It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified maize flours or maize flour products

Any adverse effects (including constipation, nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhoea, as measured by trialists) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

It is very uncertain whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review