Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Pre-eclampsia: OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Head circumference (mm) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Head circumference: WMD 0.05 (95% CI -0.24 to 0.34), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Birth length · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth length: WMD 0.19 (95% CI -0.26 to 0.65), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Birthweight (g) · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Birth weight: WMD 130.9 (95% CI 75.1 to 186.7), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Probable.
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase and bone radiograph
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… compared with calcium (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Morbidity (number) Definition: fractures
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes morbidity (number) Definition: fractures compared with calcium (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria compared with calcium (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Growth pattern
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Socioeconomic effects
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Neonatal mortality · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic lung disease · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days in survivors) compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Death or chronic lung disease · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A probably leads to lower death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days) compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months compared with no supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total fetal loss (including miscarriages or combined miscarriages and stillbirths) · pregnant women
Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in total fetal loss compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early or late miscarriage · pregnant women
Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in early or late miscarriage compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · pregnant women
Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review