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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

780 questions · 834 findings · 76 reviews

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No studies found 187 · 22.4%GRADE not reported 164 · 19.7%Very low 144 · 17.3%Low 172 · 20.6%Moderate 105 · 12.6%High 62 · 7.4%

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health outcomes

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, or both) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to neovascular AMD · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to neovascular AMD compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to geographic atrophy · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement showed no clear difference in progression to geographic atrophy compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A vs placebo

Incidence of acute URTIs during the study period (the number of acute URTIs over a period of time) · children up to the age of 7 at risk of upper respiratory tract infection

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin A supplements showed no clear difference in incidence of acute URTIs during the study period (the number of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review