Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical response at end of study (4 weeks) · people with inflammatory bowel disease
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D (all doses) changes clinical response at end of study (4 weeks) compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease
Vitamin D (all doses) may leads to lower clinical relapse at end of study (26–52) weeks compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life at end of study (26 weeks) · people with inflammatory bowel disease
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D (all doses) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total hip BMD · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Vertebral fracture · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Non‐vertebral fractures · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Acceptability: total withdrawals · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
Calcium and vitamin D showed no clear difference in withdrawals from the study for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · premenopausal women (ages 18–36 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Incidence of dementia ‐ not measured · MCI
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cognitive function · MCI
1 finding from 1 review
Episodic memory ‐ not measured · MCI
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Executive function ‐ not measured · MCI
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found