Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

19 questions · 19 findings · 4 reviews

No studies found 3 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 14 · 73.7%Low 2 · 10.5%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

tDCS vs sham

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain

It is very uncertain whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) changes pain intensity (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using… compared with sham (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review