Change in Mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli in saliva · Schoolchildren (6-9 years), high caries risk
The single stevia trial (Cocco 2019) reported a significant reduction in salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, but gave no effect size and was not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes42 days · Schoolchildren in Italy, high caries risk; sweetener delivered as a daily snack · Single study (Cocco 2019); not pooled
Cocco 2019 (the only high-intensity sweetener trial): the stevia snack showed a significant decrease in MS (P < .01) and in lactobacilli (P = .03) versus baseline, whereas the white-sugar snack showed no significant…
1 study · 271 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence of retinopathy at 4 to 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Progression of retinopathy · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Combined incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence of PDR/CSME/VH by 5 years · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
It is very uncertain whether blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention changes visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more) by 5 years compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events—all‐cause mortality · type 1 or type 2 diabetics
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
It is very uncertain whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adherence to antipsychotic medication: number of missed doses, average endpoint data, short term (up to 6 months) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient… probably leads to higher medication adherence at ≤ 6 months compared with 'usual care' (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Medication adherence (dichotomous) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications
Summary of findings table for the comparison of 'intensified patient… leads to higher medication adherence at > 6 months compared with 'usual care' (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
LDL‐C reduction (LDL‐C) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in total serum cholesterol at ≤ 6 months (mg/dL) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in total serum cholesterol at > 6 mos (mg/dL) · People receiving lipid‐lowering medications
1 finding from 1 review
Physical abuse Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS; 80 items rated on a 7‐point scale) · women with intimate partner abuse
1 finding from 1 review
Physical abuse (dichotomous outcome) · women with intimate partner abuse
It is very uncertain whether intensive advocacy interventions for women who experience intimate… changes physical abuse (dichotomous outcome) compared with usual care at up to 12‐month follow‐up (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review