Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 5 reviews

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No studies found 1 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 14.3%Moderate 4 · 57.1%High 1 · 14.3%

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults aged 18‐59 years with primary hypertension (mild to moderate systolic or diastolic hypertension)

Antihypertensive drug therapy may leads to lower total cardiovascular mortality + morbidity compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.67, 0.91]
6 studies · 17278 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension

Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.68, 0.77]
15 studies · 26747 participants
Moderate

Intensive glycaemic control vs conventional glucose control

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Intensive glycaemic control showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with conventional glycaemic control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.21]
22 studies · 34177 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

Cardiovascular mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.9, 1.14]
3 studies · 7254 participants
High

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.61, 1.42]
2 studies · 945 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) Median compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.79, 1.15]
1 study · 4796 participants
Moderate