Functional outcomes · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Unacceptable malunion · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions probably leads to lower unacceptable malunion Assessed by imaging compared with conservative interventions (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to return to usual activities⁶(time to return to school) · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Child satisfaction Assessed by an ordinal rating scale (11 points): very unhappy to very happy · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
Surgical interventions may leads to higher parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Resource use and other costs · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Treatment failure (indication for non‐routine secondary surgery) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Surgical may leads to lower treatment failuref Indication for non‐routine secondary surgery compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subsequent requirement for surgery (re‐operations) for complications Incidence · people with lateral patellar dislocation
It is very uncertain whether surgical changes subsequent requirement for surgery (reoperations) for complicationsa… compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal… showed no clear difference in number of participants with moderate/severe acute exacerbations… compared with nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Lung function: FEV1 mL (change from baseline) · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review
Use of "rescue" medications and emergency action plans: B2 use puffs per day Duration of treatment: range 14 weeks to 24 weeks · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review
Change in quality of life · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review
Healthcare utilisation ‐ not measured · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low
Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Cosmetic problemi · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical changes cosmetic problemi compared with conservative interventions (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total of participants with adverse event outcomel · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical changes total of participants with adverse event outcomel compared with conservative interventions (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (physical) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
1 finding from 1 review