What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical vs radiological treatment

It is very uncertain whether surgical treatment changes adverse event: hydrocele formation compared with radiological treatment (very low certainty).

• Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.24 [0.53, 33.76]
  3 studies · 284 participants
  Very low

Surgical vs radiological treatment

Surgical treatment showed no clear difference in pregnancy compared with radiological treatment (low certainty).

• Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.75, 1.7]
  5 studies · 456 participants
  Low

Surgical vs radiological treatment

Surgical treatment showed no clear difference in varicocele recurrence compared with radiological treatment (low certainty).

• Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.31 [0.82, 2.8]
  3 studies · 380 participants
  Low

Non-surgical technique A vs Non-surgical technique B

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non-surgical interventions vs Surgical interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-surgical versus surgical interventions: no trials.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 112 participants
  Low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes pain: presence of pain (slight or moderate) at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [0.54, 3.19]
  1 study · 79 participants
  Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes treatment failure (usually requiring a subsequent operation) at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.51, 1.94]
  6 studies · 342 participants
  Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Surgical intervention showed no clear difference in number of participants to return to work/sport ‐ at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.85, 1.1]
  2 studies · 137 participants
  Low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes participants with adverse events at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.82 [1.65, 4.82]
  6 studies · 342 participants
  Very low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes patient dissatisfaction with the cosmetic result at 1 yearh compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.07, 1.62]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Surgical miniplates with facemask vs Surgical miniplates with Class III elastics

Surgical miniplates with facemask showed no clear difference in overjet compared with surgical miniplates with Class III elastics; GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment
  MD 0.02 [-1.23, 1.27]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Surgical miniplates with facemask vs Surgical miniplates with Class III elastics

Surgical miniplates with facemask showed no clear difference in ANB compared with surgical miniplates with Class III elastics; GRADE not reported.

• Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of treatment
  MD -0.05 [-1.24, 1.14]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

PFMT prior to surgical intervention vs surgical intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT prior to surgical intervention vs surgical intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT prior to surgical intervention vs surgical intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PFMT prior to surgical intervention vs surgical intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found