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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

347 questions · 355 findings · 51 reviews

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No studies found 135 · 38%GRADE not reported 45 · 12.7%Very low 90 · 25.4%Low 63 · 17.7%Moderate 15 · 4.2%High 7 · 2%

Open surgical excision vs eccentric exercises

Participant global assessment of success (People who perceived their pain as none) · adult participants with patellar tendinopathy

Open surgical excision showed no clear difference in participant global assessment of success (People who perceived their… compared with eccentric exercises (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Functional outcomes · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Unacceptable malunion · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

Surgical interventions probably leads to lower unacceptable malunion Assessed by imaging compared with conservative interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

Surgical interventions may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Time to return to usual activities⁶(time to return to school) · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Child satisfaction Assessed by an ordinal rating scale (11 points): very unhappy to very happy · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

Surgical interventions may leads to higher parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Resource use and other costs · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgically induced or chronic acid gastroesophageal reflux (experimental) vs Non-reflux control animals

Dental erosion, alveolar bone destruction and oral/pharyngeal lesions · Rat models with surgically induced or chronic acid gastroesophageal reflux

In experimental rat models, induced gastroesophageal reflux caused dental erosion, alveolar bone destruction and oral lesions compared with controls, supporting biological plausibility; evidence is ungraded animal research.

1 finding from 1 review

Root-end resection (with or without root-end filling; surgical retreatment) vs Non-surgical re-treatment (orthograde root canal therapy)

Healing rate · People with one or more endodontically treated teeth and a periapical condition requiring retreatment

Root-end resection (with or without root-end filling; surgical… showed no clear difference in healing - 10 years compared with root canal retreatment (non-surgical/orthograde); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Root-end resection (with or without root-end filling; surgical retreatment) vs Non-surgical re-treatment (orthograde root canal therapy)

Participants reporting swelling · People with one or more endodontically treated teeth and a periapical condition requiring retreatment
1 finding from 1 review
  • Endodontic procedures for retreatment of periapical lesions 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    first postoperative week
    Significantly higher number of participants reporting swelling in the root-end resection group than in the root canal retreatment group during the first postoperative week (Analysis 1.5); per-day totals not pooled.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported