Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
1 finding from 1 review
Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
It is very uncertain whether surfactants changes adverse events Defined as leading to discontinuation of study… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fitness to return to work at 12 months · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Early all‐cause mortality (≤ 3 months) Reported at: 28 days; and 90 days. Time point not reported in 4 studies · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
It is very uncertain whether surfactants changes early all‐cause mortality (≤ 3 months) Reported at: 28 days; and 90… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Late all‐cause mortality ( > 3 months · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
It is very uncertain whether surfactants changes late all‐cause mortality ( > 3 months) Reported at: 180 days compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of mechanical ventilation · adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
1 finding from 1 review
Downregulation of S. mutans virulence/biofilm gene expression (gtfB, gtfC, ftf) · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
Postbiotics reduce expression of S. mutans biofilm/virulence genes (gtfB, gtfC, ftf) in vitro (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomesExposure 24 h to 7 days · Laboratory (in vitro)
Postbiotics downregulated expression of S. mutans virulence and exopolysaccharide-synthesis genes (e.g., gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf) in 10 in vitro studies; no pooled estimate.
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Proposed inhibition of S. mutans adhesion to tooth surface (mechanism; direct adherence endpoint confirmed only in Ahn 2018) · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
Postbiotics inhibit S. mutans adhesion to tooth surfaces in vitro (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduced enamel demineralization · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
A single in vitro study found postbiotics reduce enamel demineralization (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review