What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Substitutive interventions changes visual field (change in visual field area & change in error scores,… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.12 [0.44, 1.8]
  2 studies · 85 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Substitutive interventions changes extended activities of daily living (Change in EADL from baseline;… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.2
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Substitutive interventions changes falls (number of falls) After intervention compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.21 [0.26, 5.76]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions showed no clear difference in quality of life (Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25)) After… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 8.4
  1 study · 43 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Substitutive interventions changes scanning ‐ cancellation (line cancellation errors) After intervention compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 9.8 [1.91, 17.69]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions may leads to higher adverse events (number of participants with reported events during… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 87.32 [4.87, 1564.66]
  1 study · 59 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Compensative interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Compensative interventions changes visual field (Functional field score and relative change in visual… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 95 participants
  Very low

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 153 participants
  Low

Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 149 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

• Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1073 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

• Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1074 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

• Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1121 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Vocabulary interventions vs usual care

• Vocabulary interventions for second language (L2) learners up to six years of age 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 960 participants
  Moderate

Dietary interventions vs placebo or other interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary modifications for infantile colic 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions showed no clear difference in substance use ‐ post‐interventiong compared with inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) (low certainty).

• Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.57 [0.72, 3.45]
  1 study · 189 participants
  Low