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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

185 questions · 195 findings · 24 reviews

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No studies found 31 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 36 · 18.5%Very low 63 · 32.3%Low 55 · 28.2%Moderate 10 · 5.1%High 0 · 0%

Psychological intervention (habit reversal / positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (DRO / negative reinforcement)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (less than 12 months)
    Christensen 1987 (20 participants) compared habit reversal (HR) with differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO): no statistically significant difference. Larsson 1972 (38 participants) compared positive with…
    2 studies · 58 participants
    GRADE not reported

Trauma‐focused psychological intervention vs psychological interventions

Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder

Trauma‐focused psychological intervention showed no clear difference in treatment completers compared with active psychological intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Diagnosis of PTSD after treatment · various

It is very uncertain whether any early psychological intervention changes PTSD diagnosis: post‐treatment compared with waiting list/usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

PTSD diagnosis · various

Any early psychological intervention may leads to lower PTSD diagnosis: 3–6 months compared with waiting list/usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review