What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo

• Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs magnesium oxide

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with magnesium oxide (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.04]
  2 studies · 77 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 15.08]
  2 studies · 98 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether probiotic changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 15.12]
  8 studies · 544 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotic showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.21, 1.95]
  5 studies · 357 participants
  Low