Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

51 questions · 58 findings · 6 reviews

No studies found 10 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 5 · 8.6%Very low 29 · 50%Low 10 · 17.2%Moderate 1 · 1.7%High 3 · 5.2%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Smoking cessation · young people

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes bupropion vs placebo Smoking cessation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events (control ‐ placebo) · young people
3 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ medium term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ medium‐term: 6‐12 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Acceptability · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review