What do systematic reviews say?

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

• Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 207 participants
  Very low
• Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 211 participants
  Very low
• Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 385 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.2, 2.07]
  9 studies · 848 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

• Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 5 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.05 [1.07, 3.89]
  5 studies · 561 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [1.19, 2.19]
  4 studies · 473 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.55 [1.12, 2.15]
  5 studies · 488 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment Analysis 1.12 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.32, 4.91]
  9 studies · 496 participants
  Very low