Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 1 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 16.7%Moderate 2 · 33.3%High 3 · 50%

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in pain intensity Various pain scales. (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 8275 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Function Various validated function scales. · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in function Various validated function scales. (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 3553 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Adverse events as N of participants with at least one adverse event objective · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event (median compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.49 [1.35, 1.63]
9 studies · 4898 participants
Moderate

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Number of patients who withdrew because of adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids leads to higher number of participants who withdrew because of adverse events (median compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.76 [2.93, 4.82]
19 studies · 7712 participants
High

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any serious adverse event (median compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.35 [0.83, 13.56]
3 studies · 681 participants
Low

Oral or transdermal opioids vs placebo

Withdrawal symptoms · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Oral or transdermal opioids probably leads to higher withdrawal symptoms (median compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.67 [2.02, 3.77]
3 studies · 1151 participants
Moderate