What do systematic reviews say?

Oestrogen vs other treatments

Oestrogen showed no clear difference in number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐… compared with other treatments (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.63, 1.09]
  2 studies · 57 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen vs other treatments

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Oestrogen may leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [1.17, 1.48]
  6 studies · 6151 participants
  Low

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen changes incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.64, 0.86]
  4 studies · 213 participants
  Very low

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 82 participants
  Low

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Oestrogen showed no clear difference in number of women with urgency ‐ Systemic administration compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.83, 1.33]
  2 studies · 89 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Oestrogen probably leads to lower number of women with urgency ‐ Local administration compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.15, 0.99]
  2 studies · 90 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Oestrogen may leads to higher number with adverse effects ‐ Systemic administration compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 13 [1.87, 90.21]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Oestrogen vs placebo or no treatment

Oestrogen showed no clear difference in number with adverse effects ‐ Local administration compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.32, 5.61]
  2 studies · 144 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 83 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Oestrogen + other treatments probably leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [1.04, 1.18]
  3 studies · 10635 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Oestrogen + other treatments leads to higher number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [1.01, 1.16]
  2 studies · 1514 participants
  High

Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oestrogen therapy alone vs devices such

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found