Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

116 questions · 120 findings · 11 reviews

No studies found 48 · 40%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.8%Very low 26 · 21.7%Low 28 · 23.3%Moderate 16 · 13.3%High 1 · 0.8%

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observation) ‐ oestrogen + other treatments versus placebo · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments probably leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐ oestrogen + progesterone vs placebo (Copy) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments leads to higher number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen

Adverse events ‐ specific side effects attributed to oestrogen over 8 months' · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch changes adverse events ‐ specific side effects attributed to oestrogen over… compared with 200 µg patch plus progestogen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioestrogen plus medical adjunct vs antioestrogen

Clinical pregnancy · ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Antioestrogen plus medical adjunct showed no clear difference in clomiphene citrate plus bromocriptine versus clomiphene citrate ‐… compared with antioestrogen alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transdermal oestrogens vs oral oestrogens

Clinical pregnancy rate · women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes

Transdermal oestrogens showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancy rate compared with oral oestrogens (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review