What do systematic reviews say?

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in preterm births compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (moderate certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.9, 1.01]
  18 studies · 91425 participants
  Moderate

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational age compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (moderate certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.88, 0.97]
  17 studies · 57348 participants
  Moderate

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients leads to lower low birthweight compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.85, 0.91]
  18 studies · 68801 participants
  High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.9, 1.11]
  15 studies · 63922 participants
  High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.04]
  17 studies · 97927 participants
  High

Multiple micronutrients vs control (iron and/or folic acid)

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with control (iron with or without folic acid) (high certainty).

• Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.89, 1.12]
  14 studies · 80964 participants
  High

Multiple micronutrients vs placebo

Multiple micronutrients showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.72, 1.15]
  7 studies · 2897 participants
  Low

Multiple micronutrients vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether multiple micronutrients changes hospital admissions compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.22]
  2 studies · 881 participants
  Very low

Multiple micronutrients vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1581 participants
  Low

Multiple micronutrients vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 840 participants
  Moderate

Multiple micronutrients vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1007 participants
  Very low