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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

139 questions · 140 findings · 10 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 42 · 30%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.4%Very low 47 · 33.6%Low 29 · 20.7%Moderate 16 · 11.4%High 4 · 2.9%

Lidocaine vs placebo

Incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Lidocaine may leads to lower pain ‐ lidocaine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs control (air/saline)

Sore throat · patients presenting with postoperative sore throat

lidocaine may leads to lower risk of sore throat 12 hours to 30 hours after the operation compared with control (air/saline) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes ventricular fibrillation compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): asystole · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): asystole compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): sinoatrial block · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): sinoatrial block compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): cardiac blocks (high‐degree atrioventricular block and bundle) · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): cardiac blocks… compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs tocainide

All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes all‐cause mortality compared with tocainide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs tocainide

Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes cardiac mortality compared with tocainide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs tocainide

Adverse events (AEs) (1 or more events) · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): any adverse event compared with tocainide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs mexiletine

All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes all‐cause mortality compared with mexiletine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review