What do systematic reviews say?

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions leads to lower excessive weight gain compared with standard/other care (high certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.87]
  24 studies · 7096 participants
  High

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions probably leads to higher low weight gain compared with standard/other care (moderate certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [1.02, 1.27]
  11 studies · 4422 participants
  Moderate

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with standard/other care (moderate certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.68, 1.22]
  16 studies · 5923 participants
  Moderate

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with standard/other care (high certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.77, 1.16]
  15 studies · 5330 participants
  High

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean delivery compared with standard/other care (high certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.88, 1.03]
  28 studies · 7534 participants
  High

All diet and/or exercise interventions vs (Optimised) usual care

All diet and/or exercise interventions showed no clear difference in macrosomia Infant birthweight > 4000 g compared with standard/other care (high certainty).

• Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.86, 1.02]
  27 studies · 8598 participants
  High

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) vs control

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) showed no clear difference in number of participantswith at least one recurrent adenoma compared with control (low certainty).

• Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.95, 1.13]
  5 studies · 3641 participants
  Low

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) vs control

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) showed no clear difference in number of participantswith more than one adenoma compared with control (low certainty).

• Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.2]
  2 studies · 2542 participants
  Low

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) vs control

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) showed no clear difference in number of participantswith at least one adenoma 1 cm or greater compared with control (low certainty).

• Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.82, 1.2]
  4 studies · 3224 participants
  Low

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) vs control

Dietary fibre (all study interventions) may leads to higher number of participantsdiagnosed with colorectal cancer compared with control (low certainty).

• Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.7 [1.07, 6.85]
  2 studies · 2794 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 779 participants
  High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 282 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 779 participants
  High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 652 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 983 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 709 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs information only

• Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 303 participants
  Moderate