Mortality or morbidity composite · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in neonatal hypoglycaemia compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Z score BMI · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in childhood adiposity (latest time reported) (BMI z score) compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
2 findings from 1 review
Neurosensory disability · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (mother) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
It is very uncertain whether combined diet and exercise interventions changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced… compared with standard care (mother) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perineal trauma · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perineal trauma compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postnatal depression · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of crying (seconds) · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Number of responders · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Frequency of crying episodes per 24 h · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Parental or family quality of life, including measures of parental stress, anxiety or depression · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Parental satisfaction · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects to dietary modifications · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 6‐12 years
1 finding from 1 review
Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 6‐12 years
1 finding from 1 review