Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 15 findings · 2 reviews · Airways

No studies found 1 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 33.3%Low 7 · 46.7%Moderate 2 · 13.3%High 0 · 0%

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence to medication · COPD

Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people completing treatment · COPD

Single component intervention showed no clear difference in adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people completing treatment compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing exacerbations compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal… showed no clear difference in number of participants with moderate/severe acute exacerbations… compared with nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Lung function: FEV1 mL (change from baseline) · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Use of "rescue" medications and emergency action plans: B2 use puffs per day Duration of treatment: range 14 weeks to 24 weeks · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD
1 finding from 1 review

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Healthcare utilisation ‐ not measured · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review