Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,024 questions · 3,338 findings · 330 reviews

No studies found 735 · 22%GRADE not reported 282 · 8.4%Very low 962 · 28.8%Low 870 · 26.1%Moderate 384 · 11.5%High 105 · 3.1%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Smoking cessation · young people

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes bupropion vs placebo Smoking cessation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events (control ‐ placebo) · young people
3 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

Pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… may leads to lower depression: meeting the criteria for depression at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review