Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,486 questions · 2,727 findings · 268 reviews

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No studies found 600 · 22%GRADE not reported 229 · 8.4%Very low 789 · 28.9%Low 707 · 25.9%Moderate 314 · 11.5%High 88 · 3.2%

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.22 [0.23, 21.34]
4 studies · 1242 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Continuous abstinence rate at

2 findings from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 112 participants
Very low
Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 112 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

Continuous abstinence rate at

2 findings from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 286 participants
Very low
Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 286 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

Percentage days with substance use at

2 findings from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 523 participants
Low
Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 409 participants
Low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

Consumed amount at post‐treatment Lower SMD favors MBI

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

Craving

2 findings from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 971 participants
Very low
Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 415 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1531 participants
High

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Percentage days with substance use at

2 findings from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 248 participants
Very low
Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 167 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Consumed amount at post‐treatment Lower SMD favors MBI

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 221 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Consumed amount at

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 142 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Craving

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 128 participants
Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 studies · 1087 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs control

Body satisfaction · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 190 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs control

Unhealthy weight gain · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 546 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs control

Self‐acceptance/self‐worth · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 546 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs control

Binge eating · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 556 participants
Moderate

Mobile phone interventions vs usual care

Contraception use · female users or non‐users of contraception

Summary of findings table ‐ Mobile phone‐based interventions probably leads to higher contraception use compared with standard of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving contraception use 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.3 [1.06, 1.6]
16 studies · 8972 participants
Moderate

Mobile phone interventions vs usual care

Pregnancy · female users or non‐users of contraception

Summary of findings table ‐ Mobile phone‐based interventions showed no clear difference in pregnancy compared with standard of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving contraception use 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.82 [0.48, 1.38]
8 studies · 2947 participants
Moderate

Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention

Frequency of alcohol misuse 6 months · Parents who use substances

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Low

Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention

Frequency of alcohol misuse 12 months · Parents who use substances

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Low