Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,486 questions · 2,727 findings · 268 reviews

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No studies found 600 · 22%GRADE not reported 229 · 8.4%Very low 789 · 28.9%Low 707 · 25.9%Moderate 314 · 11.5%High 88 · 3.2%

Adverse event outcomes for physical activity interventions vs no intervention

Increased weight concern · children aged 6‐12 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 225 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower abdominal pain), headache and sweating

It is very uncertain whether interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) changes side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower… compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 4.69 [1.2, 18.44]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss PBAC score

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss Number of pads (diary record)

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding Number of bleeding days

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 290 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Adverse effects: headache

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: headache compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.58 [0.18, 1.92]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Vomiting

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: vomiting compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Vitamin B1 vs placebo

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary)

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 152 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Side effects or other adverse events

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss: mean loss

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Recovery from PTSD · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Prevalence of adults with probable PTSD (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by HTQ ≥ 1.75 (RR > 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher prevalence of adults with probable PTSD (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.5 [2.5, 12.1]
1 study · 313 participants
Low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Anxiety and depression · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher prevalence of adults with probable depression or anxiety (1 to 6… compared with usual or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.6 [2.1, 10.08]
1 study · 313 participants
Low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Severity of PTSD symptoms · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes PTS symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Harvard Trauma… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 680 participants
Very low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins Symptom Checklist ‐ depression (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 680 participants
Very low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Quality of life · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Functional impairment · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) Locally… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 680 participants
Very low

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Service utilisation · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1572 participants
Very low