Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

199 questions · 221 findings · 20 reviews

No studies found 53 · 24%GRADE not reported 11 · 5%Very low 99 · 44.8%Low 49 · 22.2%Moderate 6 · 2.7%High 3 · 1.4%

Mental function interventions vs control

Activities of daily living · spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Mental function interventions vs control

Neglect outcomes: effects persisting at least 1 month post intervention · spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mental function interventions vs control

Neglect outcomes: immediate effects · spatial neglect or inattention following stroke and other adult‐acquired non‐progressive brain injury

It is very uncertain whether mental function interventions changes neglect outcomes: immediate effects compared with any control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

Pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… may leads to lower depression: meeting the criteria for depression at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache, seizures) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache,… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Breath holding · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

It is very uncertain whether adverse effects of pharmacological intervention changes breath holding compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review