Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,486 questions · 2,727 findings · 268 reviews

No studies found 600 · 22%GRADE not reported 229 · 8.4%Very low 789 · 28.9%Low 707 · 25.9%Moderate 314 · 11.5%High 88 · 3.2%

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Reminder to physician about all participants compared to reminder about half of participants · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher reminder to physician about all participants compared to reminder… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to reminder letter to GP on day of discharge · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to encourage doctors to compete plus postcards to participants compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to encourage doctors to compete plus postcards to participants compared to posters alone · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in posters in clinic displaying influenza vaccination rates to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to physicians compared to mailed educational materials · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Chart review and feedback to physician plus benchmarking to vaccination rates achieved by top 10% of physicians compared to chart review and feedback · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions probably leads to higher chart review and feedback to physician plus benchmarking to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written feedback to practice teams · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to lower educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Payment to physicians versus no payment · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher payment to physicians versus no payment compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Intervention to increase staff influenza vaccination rate versus no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in intervention to increase staff influenza vaccination rate versus no… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

QoL · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in QOL scores (IBDQ) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Diarrhoea (grade 1+) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in diarrhoea (grade 1+) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review