What do systematic reviews say?

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1398 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1398 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients showed no clear difference in blood pressure target achievement compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.34 [0.7, 2.59]
  3 studies · 266 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 33762 participants
  Low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 495 participants
  Moderate

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

Educational or behavioural interventions for patients vs usual care

• Interventions for improving modifiable risk factor control in the secondary prevention of stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 127 participants
  Moderate

NMA evidence for individual network: proportion with complete healing ‐ interventions vs saline gauze

NMA evidence for individual network: proportion with complete… showed no clear difference in polyvinylpyrrolidone + zinc oxide compared with saline gauze (low certainty).

• Dressings and topical agents for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.31 [0.37, 4.62]
  Studies not reported
  Low

NMA evidence for individual network: proportion with complete healing ‐ interventions vs saline gauze

It is very uncertain whether NMA evidence for individual network: proportion with complete… changes combination silicone foam dressings compared with saline gauze (very low certainty).

• Dressings and topical agents for treating pressure ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.93 [0.38, 9.98]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 52% (130) versus 53% (131) at follow-up (baseline 41% versus 44%). No significant change.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 86% (215) intervention versus 83% (205) control at follow-up (baseline 74% versus 77%). No significant change.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 77% (193) versus 75% (185) at follow-up (baseline 71% versus 69%). No significant change.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 years
  Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 4 years: intervention 2.56 (2.07 to 3.05) versus control 4.60 (3.99 to 5.21); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.0001; non-overlapping CIs). No between-group point…
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported
• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 2 years: intervention 1.86 (1.50 to 2.21) versus control 2.44 (2.12 to 2.77); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.05, comparing intervention and control). No…
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 71% (178) versus 68% (168) at follow-up (baseline 69% versus 65%). No significant change.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 77% (193) versus 81% (200) at follow-up (baseline 83% versus 74%, a significant baseline difference). No significant change at follow-up.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  Table 2: 87% (218) versus 86% (212) at follow-up (baseline 81% versus 87%). No significant change.
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary… led to higher using xylitol products more than 3 times per day compared with basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics; GRADE not reported.

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 to 4 years
  RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
  1 study · 497 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.63, 0.85]
  5 studies · 358 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… changes toxicity compared with control intervention alone (very low certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1638 participants
  Very low