Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

536 questions · 579 findings · 94 reviews

No studies found 151 · 26.1%GRADE not reported 52 · 9%Very low 182 · 31.4%Low 120 · 20.7%Moderate 52 · 9%High 22 · 3.8%

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to severe exacerbation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Time to first exacerbation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes time to first exacerbation compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

QoL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3 findings from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Transmission‐related outcomes: hospitalization ‐ Number or proportion of hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) showed no clear difference in number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Number of people re‐admitted (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) probably leads to lower number of people re‐admitted (all‐cause) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality ‐ uncertain risk of bias · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Harmful alcohol use · alcohol use disorder
2 findings from 1 review

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Retention [ · alcohol use disorder

Pharmacologic intervention along with psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with psychosocial intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Skill acquisition Mean inhaler technique score (%), higher score indicates better technique. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic inflammatory disease) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention showed no clear difference in health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic… compared with co‐intervention alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Medication side effects Mean adverse self‐medication behaviour score (lower scores indicate safer self‐medication behaviour). Scale from: 0 to 40. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review