What do systematic reviews say?

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake vs comparators

Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with comparators (moderate certainty).

• Supportive interventions for enhancing dietary intake in malnourished or nutritionally at‐risk adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]
  12 studies · 6683 participants
  Moderate

Interventions vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.9, 1.34]
  19 studies · 2159 participants
  Low

Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]
  5719 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Astragalus and co‐interventions vs co‐intervention alone

• Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Psychological interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Medical records or reported by family members compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for diabetes‐related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.17, 6.03]
  3 studies · 1376 participants
  Low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.62 [0.39, 1.01]
  9 studies · 1886 participants
  Very low

Intervention vs active comparison

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.35]
  2 studies · 177 participants
  Very low

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

Clinic‐based intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
  7 studies · 1686 participants
  Low