What do systematic reviews say?

Inhaled corticosteroids vs no treatment or placebo

• Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.86, 1.26]
  1 study · 292 participants
  Moderate
• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.05]
  1 study · 78 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids probably leads to lower diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 69 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in ever diagnosed as asthmatic by 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.55, 1.39]
  1 study · 73 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.32]
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in hyperglycaemia compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.22]
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids may leads to lower hypertension compared with systemic steroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in general conceptual ability (GCA) score at 7 years The test has a… compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in moderate/severe disability at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [0.49, 4.01]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or moderate/severe disability at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.58]
  1 study · 107 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in systolic blood pressure > 95th percentile at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.25, 1.23]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.88, 1.35]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.2]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.45 [0.99, 2.11]
  1 study · 278 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

• Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
  2 studies · 294 participants
  Low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes combined outcome of mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Late (≥ 7 days) inhaled corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.74, 1.63]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes mortality at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Late (≥ 7 days) inhaled corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.35, 25.78]
  3 studies · 61 participants
  Very low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Late (≥ 7 days) inhaled corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.59, 1.7]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes open‐label use of systemic corticosteroids compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Late (≥ 7 days) inhaled corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.26, 1]
  4 studies · 74 participants
  Very low