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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

22 questions · 25 findings · 4 reviews · Skin

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No studies found 2 · 8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 7 · 28%Moderate 13 · 52%High 3 · 12%

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Recurrence · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod probably leads to higher recurrence at 3 years compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in pain (moderate/severe) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Short‐term clinical cure (up to 3 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared short term) · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in short‐term clinical cure (up to 3 months after start of treatment)… compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Medium‐term clinical cure (after 3 months and up to 6 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared medium term) · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in medium‐term clinical cure (after 3 months and up to 6 months after… compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Long‐term clinical cure (beyond 6 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared long term) · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in long‐term clinical cure (beyond 6 months after start of treatment)… compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Short‐term clinical improvement (up to 3 months after start of treatment) · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in short‐term clinical improvement (up to 3 months after start of… compared with vehicle (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Adverse effects ‐ application site reaction · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod probably leads to higher application site reactions compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs vehicle

Severe application site reactions · molluscum contagiosum

Imiquimod probably leads to higher severe application site reactions compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Recurrence · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream probably leads to lower recurrence at 3 years compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Cosmesis · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream showed no clear difference in cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream probably leads to lower pain (moderate/severe) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream showed no clear difference in early treatment failure compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel vs Imiquimod 5% cream alone

Primary outcome: Histological complete response ( available‐case analysis) No residual LM in staged excision 2 months post‐treatment · participants with melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Histological complete response (intention‐to‐treat)… compared with imiquimod 5% cream alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel vs Imiquimod 5% cream alone

Discontinuation of treatment due to side effects ( · participants with melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel showed no clear difference in secondary outcome: Discontinuation of treatment because of harms… compared with imiquimod 5% cream alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel vs Imiquimod 5% cream alone

Secondary outcome: Inflammatory response (number of lesions with grade 2 or 3) Grade 2 or 3 Inflammation² · participants with melanoma in situ, including lentigo maligna

Imiquimod 5% cream with tazarotene 0.1% gel may leads to higher secondary outcome: Inflammatory response (number of lesions with… compared with imiquimod 5% cream alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical imiquimod 5% (3 times/week) + meglumine antimoniate (IVMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo + IVMA

Complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment · People with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Topical imiquimod 5% (3 times/week) + meglumine antimoniate (IVMA)… showed no clear difference in complete cure, at least 3 months after the end of treatment compared with placebo + IVMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review