What do systematic reviews say?

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 3362 participants
  Moderate

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.5]
  2 studies · 69 participants
  Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 7.88 [0.43, 144.81]
  2 studies · 69 participants
  Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.09, 0.69]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.07 [0, 1.25]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes chronic lung disease compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.03 [0.8, 5.2]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.2]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]
  3 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]
  3 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]
  4 studies · 103 participants
  Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 300/450 IU vs 150 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

• Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.2 [0.78, 1.86]
  3 studies · 538 participants
  Low

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 400/450 IU vs 300 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

• Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.77 [0.19, 3.19]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Low

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in IU vs 450 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

• Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.33 [0.71, 2.52]
  1 study · 356 participants
  Low

Higher blood flow vs standard blood flow

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 499 participants
  Low

Higher blood flow vs standard blood flow

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found