Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · GORD in children over 1 year of age
1 finding from 1 review
pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Alzheimer’s disease · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.63) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Tuberculosis · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.29 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.46) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Fracture · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.31 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.42) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality (in CKD patients) · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Higher national income was strongly associated with lower odds of poor oral health (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37; about 90% lower odds); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Higher sugar consumption is associated with early childhood caries in children under 6 years: pooled OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.68) from 9 cohort studies with no heterogeneity (I2=0%); the body of evidence was not GRADE-rated (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Participant‐reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue Method: 0‐100 mm VAS · office workers
1 finding from 1 review
Productivity or work performance Method: number of words typed per 3 hours · office workers
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in symptoms · GORD in children over 1 year of age
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · GORD in children over 1 year of age
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in pH indices ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Endoscopic metrics ‐ not measured · GORD in children over 1 year of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality · people with or without existing CVD, men and women
Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower PUFA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adiposity · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
1 finding from 1 review
Cholesterol mg/dL · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
1 finding from 1 review
Serum fasting triglyceride (TG, mmol/L) · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women
1 finding from 1 review