Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

531 questions · 552 findings · 72 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 96 · 17.4%GRADE not reported 43 · 7.8%Very low 150 · 27.2%Low 156 · 28.3%Moderate 87 · 15.8%High 20 · 3.6%

High cell dose vs low cell dose

Improvement in lower limb perfusion: ABI · people with critical limb ischaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous cells derived from different sources and administered using different regimens for 'no‐option' critical… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High cell dose vs low cell dose

Improvement in lower limb perfusion: TcO₂ reading in mmHg · people with critical limb ischaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous cells derived from different sources and administered using different regimens for 'no‐option' critical… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.03, 0.5]
2 studies · 69 participants
Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.88 [0.43, 144.81]
2 studies · 69 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25 [0.09, 0.69]
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0, 1.25]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes chronic lung disease compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.03 [0.8, 5.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]
4 studies · 103 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

300/450 IU vs 150 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 300/450 IU vs 150 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.2 [0.78, 1.86]
3 studies · 538 participants
Low

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

400/450 IU vs 300 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in 400/450 IU vs 300 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.77 [0.19, 3.19]
1 study · 62 participants
Low

Anticipated low‐responders: higher vs lower dose of FSH

IU vs 450 IU · women undergoing IVF/ICSI who are anticipated to have a low‐response to stimulation based on one or more ORT measure

Anticipated low responders: higher showed no clear difference in IU vs 450 IU compared with lower dose of FSH (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individualised gonadotropin dose selection using markers of ovarian reserve for women undergoing in vitro… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.33 [0.71, 2.52]
1 study · 356 participants
Low

High vs low omega‐3 fats

Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · adults with or without existing CVD

2 findings from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 43454 participants
High
Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2201 participants
Moderate