What do systematic reviews say?

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula (very low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.78]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
  2 studies · 271 participants
  Low

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.12, 4.51]
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Very low

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 61 participants
  Moderate

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

High vs standard volume of unfortified human milk or term formula

• High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

Higher showed no clear difference in mortality to hospital discharge compared with lower amino acid intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.69, 1.17]
  14 studies · 1407 participants
  Low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

It is very uncertain whether higher changes neurodevelopmental disability compared with lower amino acid intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.48, 2.23]
  2 studies · 201 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

It is very uncertain whether higher changes postnatal growth failure at discharge (weight < 10th centile) compared with lower amino acid intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.56, 0.97]
  3 studies · 203 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 291 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 315 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

It is very uncertain whether higher changes retinopathy of prematurity compared with lower amino acid intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.21, 0.93]
  4 studies · 269 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower amino acid intake

Higher leads to higher abnormal blood urea nitrogen (various criteria) compared with lower amino acid intake (high certainty).

• Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.77 [2.13, 3.61]
  7 studies · 688 participants
  High