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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

7 questions · 7 findings · 1 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 7 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Cell death / cytotoxicity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

One study reported minimal cytotoxicity (<1% cell damage) with grape seed extract (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Bacterial adhesion (inhibition) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans adhesion to hydroxyapatite in vitro (2 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Gtf activity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

One study reported grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans Gtf activity (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Antioxidant capacity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

One study reported high antioxidant capacity of grape seed extract (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Biofilm morphological changes · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Grape seed extract alters S. mutans biofilm morphology (2 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Biofilm formation (reduction) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Grape seed extract reduces S. mutans biofilm formation in vitro (5 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Bacterial growth inhibition · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans growth in vitro (MIC ~0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL across 5 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review