What do systematic reviews say?

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

• Combined diet and exercise interventions for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.42, 1.63]
  2 studies · 3757 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 648 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 416 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 76 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.23, 2.53]
  3 studies · 542 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.56 [0.48, 13.54]
  2 studies · 200 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1688 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 978 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… showed no clear difference in functional ability: new incidence of delirium during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.55, 1.68]
  4 studies · 1256 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 449 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.48, 1.91]
  5 studies · 995 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise… changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.52, 1.87]
  7 studies · 1798 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progressive resistance exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 118 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.37
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found