Postoperative parenteral nutrition may leads to higher complications compared with oral nutrition alone (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether postoperative parenteral nutrition changes mortality compared with oral nutrition alone (very low certainty).
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine probably leads to lower influenza assessed by laboratory confirmation Timing of assessment:… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (moderate certainty).
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine probably leads to lower influenza‐like illness assessed by subjective report Timing of… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (moderate certainty).
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in hospitalisations Timing of assessment: single influenza season compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (low certainty).
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine leads to higher fever assessed by subjective report Timing of assessment: single… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (high certainty).
Inactivated parenteral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in nausea or vomiting assessed by subjective report Timing of… compared with placebo or 'do nothing' (low certainty).
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).
Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) changes infectious complications compared with usual care or control (very low certainty).