Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

164 questions · 166 findings · 13 reviews

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No studies found 55 · 33.1%GRADE not reported 22 · 13.3%Very low 47 · 28.3%Low 33 · 19.9%Moderate 9 · 5.4%High 0 · 0%

Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

Complications/ adverse events related to pressure ulcers (3 to 12 weeks) · people with pressure ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Electrical stimulation (plus standard care) vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

QoL · people with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation for treating pressure ulcers 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMES vs control

Safety Any serious adverse event · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 933 participants
Moderate

NMES vs control

Safety Adverse events: Muscle discomfort · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 933 participants
Moderate

NMES vs control

Muscle mass Anthropometry, DEXA, ultrasound, computed tomography · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 314 participants
Very low

NMES vs control

Exercise performance ‐ walking distance 6MWT, ISWT, ESWT · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 788 participants
Very low

NMES vs control

Change in peak oxygen uptake Cardiopulmonary exercise test · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 109 participants
Low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Very low

Sensory threshold electrical stimulation (ES) vs motor threshold ES

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Participants cured or improved · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Participants with improvement in urgency urinary incontinence · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

OAB‐related quality of life · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 82 participants
Very low

Electrical stimulation plus behavioural therapy vs behavioural therapy alone

Adverse effects · Adults with overactive bladder (OAB)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

TENS vs sham TENS

Pain (at short‐term · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

2 findings from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.57 [0.84, 2.92]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

TENS vs sham TENS

Disability ‐ not reported · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs sham TENS

Adverse events ‐ not reported · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Electrical muscle stimulation vs control

Occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in the total population randomised · critically ill patients

It is very uncertain whether electrical muscle stimulation changes occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in the total population randomised compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.15]
1 study · 140 participants
Very low

Electrical muscle stimulation vs control

Occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population · critically ill patients

It is very uncertain whether electrical muscle stimulation changes occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.1, 1.01]
1 study · 52 participants
Very low